Abstract
With the increasing
demand for energy efficiency, safety, reliable connectivity and precise
control, industrial drives for factory automation are becoming more and more sophisticated
systems requiring cutting-edge technologies. The application of energy efficient motor
systems can greatly reduce the overall environmental impact and cost to operate
this equipment. Advancements in electric motor design and the associated drive
system in modern automation equipment can be extremely energy efficient. Much
of the time the most energy efficient machine will also have the highest
performance but there is normally an upfront cost associated with the
performance and efficiency. That added cost related with selecting energy
efficient equipment may be easily returned as lowered energy costs, high
performance and reliability.
A pulse width modulator (PWM) is a
device that may be used as an efficient DC motor speed controller. This project
is a versatile device that can control DC devices which draw up to a few amps
of current. The circuit may be used in either 12 or 24 Volt systems with only a
few minor wiring changes. This device has been used to control the speed of the
DC motor and to control speed of machines.
A PWM circuit
works by making a square wave with a variable on-to-off ratio, the average on
time may be varied from 0 to 100 percent. In this manner, a variable amount of
power is transferred to the load. The main advantage of a PWM circuit over a
resistive power controller is the efficiency, at a 50% level, the PWM will use
about 50% of full power, almost all of which is transferred to the load, a
resistive controller at 50% load power would consume about 71% of full power,
50% of the power goes to the load and the other 21% is wasted heating the
series resistor.
One additional advantage of pulse width
modulation is that the pulses reach the full supply voltage and will produce
more torque in a motor by being able to overcome the internal motor resistances
more easily. Increasing / decreasing the speed of the motor and rotate the
motor in Clock wise / Counter clock wise direction is done using Mat Lab. 16X2
LCD is connected to display the speed level of the motor and the direction. LED
indication is also provided for visual indication. A buzzer is provided for
audio indication of DC motor speed variation and change in direction. Whenever
the speed is increased / decreased, the system acknowledges by a short beep.
Temperature sensor senses the deviation in the temperature from
normal temperature and corrective measures are done depending on the variation
in temperature ,relays are switched on and of according to the variation which
can in turn be connected to the air conditioners or to the heaters thus the
temperature of the system is kept at the normal. The system can monitor the ac
failure and switch to alternate power source. PIR sensor is placed infront of
the high security door, if the PIR Sensor activated , the system will make an
alarm. Some times this type of sensor detection may trigger a false alarm. If a
fly came near to the PIR sensor the sensor may get activated. This type of
sensing will lead the machine to a false alarm. In our system the sensor will
scan the change for a period of time, through this method the device can identify
the human movement. An intelligent Security
System that guards the industry through Zigbee. This is a sophisticated
security system that helps to protect the area through a series of simple
messages. It offers effective, multi-level protection, and automation in the
factory.
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