Real Time ECG Monitoring System::brainbitz Lab view Projects

With heart diseases, and associated complications, being one of the major causes of death
around the world, and in spite of decreased mortality rate, detection of irregularities in the rhythms
of the heart is a growing field in medical research. Extended patient monitoring during normal
activity has become increasingly important as a standard preventive cardiological procedure for
detection of cardiac conditions. This project presents a development platform for portable real-time
ECG Monitoring System which can be used as an advanced warning device. This paper briefly
discusses an ECG data capture unit, with an emphasis on the software for analyzing the P -wave,
QRS complex, and T-wave in ECG signals.
Real time monitoring plays an important role in biomedical engineering, Particularly in
ECG, EMG, EEG etc. personal computer have become a standard platform for the needs of various
measurement and test, standardization, performance and low cost. Use of PC in so called personal
and virtual instrumentation developments enables realization of a new generation of superior
devices. With their performance, this is becoming ever higher and with the increasing number of
software applications they are widely accepted as an essential tool on desk of engineer. The use of
LabVIEW and data acquisition in biomedical makes the real time monitor systems with very high
performance, low cost of development, more reliable and flexible. LabVIEW is general purpose
software for virtual instrumentation. With LabVIEW the maintenance and reconfiguration of
created instruments are reduced significantly. PC based virtual instrumentation as a testing platform
enabling recording of real time ECG introduces identification of ECG and transmission of
preprocessed data to a doctor through a distributed computation network has been proposed. In this
GUI of the system has been developed in LabVIEW. The intelligent virtual ECG device by
integrating wavelet algorithm for QRS detection, recording and identification with the facilities of
the detection of heart rhythm and off line analysis of prerecorded ECG signal has been proposed.
Besides all these development in biomedical engineering, the designed system in paper facilitates
the automatic removal of noises and filtration of acquired signal on virtual cardiographs and this
system can be used for analysis, identification of peak QRS.
Microcontroller based DAQ module is used for the acquisition of ECG signal from ECG
board tothe PC/Laptop and LabVIEW 8.0 professional/Higher development tool is used to designed
the system. The designed system is advantageous in automatic removal of noises and filtration of
acquired signal on virtual cardiographs.

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MICROCONTROLLER BASED DIGITAL HEART RATE MONITOR::Embedded | Biomedical Projects

Heart rate can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by the blood flow into the finger(Pulse method). The pulse method is simple and convenient. When blood flows during the systolic stroke of the heart into the body parts, the finger gets its blood via the radial artery on the arm. The blood flow into the finger can be sensed photoelectrically.
To count the heart beats, here we use a small light source on one side of the finger (thumb) and observe the change in the light intensity on the other side. The blood flow causes variation in the light intensity reaching the light dependent resistor (LDR), which results in the change in signal strength due to change in the resistance of the LDR.

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Digital Stethoscope And Cardiac Monitor::embedded Projects

Stethoscopes have long been used by physicians to monitor heart and lung sounds(auscultations). Typically stethoscopes have been comprised of a head or chest piece, a sound transmission mechanism and an earpiece assembly. The chest piece is adapted to be placed near or against the skin, body, of a patient for gathering the auscultations. The sound transmission mechanism transmits the gathered sound to an earpiece, or a pair of earpieces called a bin aural earpiece, where the physician or other health professional may monitor the sound.

Recently, some stethoscopes have utilized electronics for at least part of the sound processing path. In most of these devices, the auditory sound is picked up by a microphone usually located in a detection device which is similar to the chest piece of a conventional acoustic stethoscope in external appearance. The electrical signal from the microphone is then processed digitally and is coupled to a speaker, or speakers, where the electrical signal is converted back into an auditory sound for receptionby the physician. Of course, other Digital analysis or display of the auscultations may be performed by the PC using LabVIEW, in addition to the usual conversion back into an auditory sound. In addition,although a Digital Stethoscope allows for the provision of many desirable features, such as noise reduction, signal amplification, wider bandwidth, display of auscultations in different frequency responses. Thus, there is a need in the art for an Digital stethoscope which sounds more like the traditional acoustic stethoscope but which has the additional desirable features which only an Digital stethoscope can provide. The present Digital Stethoscope is designed to emulate the frequency response of a standard acoustical stethoscope in bell, diaphragm and extended range modes, while providing additional features attainable only with a Digital stethoscope, such as signal amplification, noise reduction, wider bandwidth, and rapid mode selection.

The Digital stethoscope includes an idealized diaphragm mode and an idealized bell mode. The idealized diaphragm mode and the idealized bell mode each include emphasized pass bands that are spectrally separate. Each of the idealized diaphragm and idealized bell modes can also include a deemphasized pass band. In addition, the Digital stethoscope can also include a extended range(wide band) mode. The extended range mode permits the user to hear high frequency sounds such as those associated with mechanical heart valves or some lung sounds.

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Blood Warmer and Vital Parameter Monitoring System::Bio medical Projects

Active blood warming is a recent practice and arises out of conflicting needs. On the one hand, the safety and preservation of blood require refrigerated storage and delivery up to the moment of transfusion. On the other hand, modern methods of very rapid transfusion in resuscitation would cause clinically dangerous hypothermia if unmodified, ice-cold blood were to be so transfused. These needs must be reconciled in the interest of adequate patient care--hence the need for blood warming. Nevertheless, blood warming creates risks of its own and should not be used without justifying clinical indications. Within limits that extend somewhat above normal body temperature, the application of heat does no harm to stored RBC, a fact that is not reflected in current standards for blood warmers. Bearing in mind the human tendency to "stretch" standards and the fallibility of mechanical devices, caution is always wise. But perhaps the time has come for reconsideration of the present upper limit of 38 degrees C. Blood warming is seldom necessary or desirable for elective transfusions at conventional rates, even for patients with cold autoagglutinins.

Hypothermia is a frequent occurrence after trauma. In the natural history of the prehospital and hospital course, especially the initial hours, patients can experience a large heat loss.  Administration of cold intravenous fluids and blood can produce substantial hypothermia, although the net effect of infusing cold solutions into the body depends on many factors such as tissue blood flow, rate of body heat generation, rate of heat loss to the outside environment, and

temperature gradients within the body. A variety of commercial devices are available for warming intravenous fluids and blood. Many of these fluid warming devices do not deliver fluids at normothermia over a wide range of flows because of inefficient heat transfer of the warmer and heat loss along the length of the administration tubing after the fluid exits the heat exchanger.

Hypothermia occurs frequently in trauma patients because of environmental exposure, infusion of cold fluids and blood, opening of body cavities, decreased heat production, and impaired thermoregulatory control. Although hypothermia decreases metabolic function of the body and is neuroprotective, hypothermia is deleterious in traumatized patients because of  coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis, and impaired immune response. Injured patients with hypothermia are more likely to die than normothermic patients with a similar injury severity score.

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AUTOMATIC ANNOUNCEMENT SYSTEM IN BUS TERMINAL::brainbitz

The wireless communication technologies are rapidly spreading to many areas. With the extensive growth in the public areas, accurate and timely information becomes more and more important for today´s visitors. Public areas, shopping malls, airports all over the world try to anticipate this by using various public address systems and automatic announcements. "RFID" stands for Radio Frequency Identification. RFID is a technology that uses communication via electromagnetic waves to exchange data between a terminal and an object such as a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking. An RFID consist of an RFID tag and an RFID receiver.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Our preliminary aim in this project is to build an automatic announcement system in bus terminal, it will be controlled by ZigBee communication. Heart of this project is microchip PIC
16F877A microcontroller. There are two main units:- Electronic Control Unit & System Unit. The Electronic Control Unit consist of an RFID tag, RFID reader, microcontroller and a ZigBee transceiver. The system unit consist of ZigBee transceiver , a computer system and a public addressing system.

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Advanced PID Controlled AMF panel::Embedded Projects_brainbitz

Introduction

AMF panel and generator packages are designed to provide emergency power during a mains supply failure. During operation, the control panel of the AMF monitors the mains entering

the circuit. If a mains supply fails, the panel disconnect the mains from the load, apparently the generator starts and its output gets connected to the load. (The load being appliances, lights, etc in

use within the house/office/factory at the time of mains failure). The generator continues to supply to the load until the mains supply returns. As soon as the mains supply returns, the generator

automatically detect, disconnect and stop the generator and the mains supply gets re-connected to the load. The AMF panel reverts to the standby mode and remains ready to respond to any another

accidental mains failure.

The AMF panel (Automatic Main Failure) Device is widely used in the industries to control

and detect the main failure. But common type of AMF panels works as a power source switcher

during a power failure. In some cases the AC power monitoring is very critical and there are

conditions which demand highly precise of parameters like input frequency and voltage. Most of

the AMF panels are insufficient of detecting the changes in frequency or voltage. If the fluctuations

in the above mentioned parameters exist, it can lead to disastrous results even in the damage of

costly machinery. Most of the existing AMF panel have a low speed switching relays which may lead to fatal results in long run.

To get an alternative to this scenario, we here follow a new approach to design an advanced PID controlled AMF panel. In this approach, an efficient Micro-controller will monitor the

parameters of input main power supply. Its high speed ADC will read the parameters in real time.

Also it will hold some previous reference data so that it can detect the changes in the input power

parameters. The device uses a high speed, high power Thyristor family components that will increase the switching speed hence the performance.

Basic Block Diagram

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